SOP - Farm Management For Eportation of Fresh Fruits to USA.
List of Major Rambutan (Nephelium lappoceum L.) Pest in Malaysia
- Pest : Fruit Fly (Bactrocera spp.)
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| Symptoms of fruit fly (Bactrocera spp.) |
- Plant part affected : fruits
- Symptoms : Rambutan is normally from fruit flies infestation. Occasional damage only observed on the creacked or damaged fruits.
- Pest Management : Use protein bait, Methyl Eugenol mixed with Malation (0.1% a.i) to lure the insect into the insect trap.
- Mealybug & Scale insect ( Pseudococcus lilacinus, Dysmicoccus neobrevipes, Exaallomochlus hispidus, Pseudococcus cryptus)
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| Symptoms of Mealybug and scale insect |
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| Symptom Mealybug and scale insect |
- Plant part affected : Stems, Fruits & Flower
- Symptoms : This insect can be observed on the stem,leaf & fruits as white cottony wax. Mealybugs excrete sugary honeydew on which sooty mould develops which can render the fruit unmarketable. The insect is carried by ants & spread throughout the plant.
- Pest Management : Prunning to reduce incidence of infestation. Spray with white oil or mineral oil to control mealybug.
- Fruit borer (Conopomorpha cramerella)
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| Fruit borer (Conopomorpha cramerella) |
- Plant part affected : Fruits
- Symptoms : This fruit borer only occurs on over-ripe fruits. Larvae bore into the pedicle causing the infested area to rotten.
- Pest Management : Spray the young fruit with Cymetrin (0.1% ai). Drop fruits must be buried.
- Fruit borer (Conogethes punctiferalis)
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| Fruit borer (Conogethes punctiferalis) |
- Plant part affected : Fruits
- Symptoms : This moth feed on flesh of the fruit leaving feeding mark or hole on the fruits. The damage can be detected by inspecting the fruit for thr small irregilar hole on the fruits.
- Pest management : spray with Dimethoete or Fenthion during fruiting stage
- Leaf eating moth (Adoxophyes privatana)
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| Leaf eating moth (Adoxophyes privatana) |
- Plant part affected : Leaves
- Symptoms : Larvae eat and roll the young leaves
- Pest Management : Spray leaves with Dimethoate or Trichlorphon (0.1 % a.i)
- Leaf eaters (Apogonia spp.,Adoretus spp.,Hypomeces spp)
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| Leaf eater (Apogonia spp.,Adoretus spp.,Hypomeces spp.,) |
- Plant part affected : Leaves
- Symptoms : The adult feed on the leaves resulting irregular holes on leaves or ridges at the leaf margin.
- Pest Management : Spay with Chlorpyrifos,Dimethoate or Fenthion during early morning or late afternoon.
- Powdery Mildew (Oidium nephelii)
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| Powdery Mildew (Oidium nephelii) |
- Plant part affected : Leaves,Flowers,Fruits
- Symptoms : This fungus commonly observed on young fruits. The spores are air-borne and can be found on leaf,inflorescent. The affected part will be covered with white powdery mycelium and nor,ally infested fruit will crack and drop before maturing.
- Pest Management : Pruning is recommended to reduce incidence of infectation. Spraying with fungicide such as sulfur compounds at rate of 0.1-0.2 % a.i will provide an effective control.
- Stem cancer/scab (Dolabra nepheliae)
- Plant part affected : Stems
- Symptoms : Attacked stem and branches cause damp and shaded management and form a corky tissue/scab. If not control the stem and branches will die.
- Pest Management : Proper pruning is recommended. Scrape the attacked area and paint with captafol (0.1 % a.i)
- Black mildew (Meliola nephelii)
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| Black Mildew (Meliola nephelii) |
- Plant part affected ; Leaves, Fruits
- Symptoms : The attacked fruits and leaves will be covered with black mycelium and prevent phytosynthesis and development of fruits. This fungus is associated with mealy bug.
- Pest management ; Pruning to reduce incidence of infestation. Control ants with "Chlorpyrifos"with spraying at canopy and trunk based. Spray with White oil or mineral oil to control mealy bug.
Berikut adalah Varieti Rambutan yang akan diberi keutamaa:
> R 191 (anak sekolah) dan R 193 ( Deli Baling)
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| R 191 (Anak Sekolah) |
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| R 193 (Deli Baling) |
Sumber lain yang boleh dijadikan rujukan :
..............................................................................................to be continue,
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